{"id":5557,"date":"2016-04-12T08:35:01","date_gmt":"2016-04-12T01:35:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/us95.net\/?p=5557"},"modified":"2016-04-12T21:22:05","modified_gmt":"2016-04-12T14:22:05","slug":"hinh-co-tieng","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/us95.net\/2016\/04\/12\/hinh-co-tieng\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u00ccNH C\u00d3 TI\u1ebeNG"},"content":{"rendered":"

H\u00ccNH C\u00d3 TI\u1ebeNG<\/strong><\/p>\n

L.N. NEKHOROSHEV*<\/sup><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

T\u00f3m t\u1eaft: <\/strong>H\u00ecnh c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh. Ti\u1ebfng (\u00e2m thanh) trong \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh c\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i: l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c. V\u1edbi l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, c\u00f3 ba h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c l\u1eddi n\u00f3i trong \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh: l\u1eddi n\u00f3i trong khu\u00f4n h\u00ecnh, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i ngo\u00e0i khu\u00f4n h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i sau khu\u00f4n h\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i l\u1eddi n\u00f3i trong \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh\u00a0g\u1ed3m\u00a0: \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ed9c tho\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i\u00a0 trong \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n khi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u00f3. L\u1eddi n\u00f3i trong phim kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u00e1i ta th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean m\u00e0n \u1ea3nh, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ed5 sung th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb kho\u00e1:<\/strong> H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, \u00e2m thanh, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c, khu\u00f4n h\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ed9c tho\u1ea1i, \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh c\u00e2m, ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec1<\/p>\n

Abstract: <\/strong>Visuals with sound are a specialty of cinema. There are three kinds of sound in movies: dialogue, sound effects, and music. With dialogue, there are three kinds as well: on screen dialogue, off-screen dialogue, and voiceover dialogue. It is also categorized into dialogues and monologues. Dialogue is only used in movies when absolutely necessary. It should not repeat what we already see on screen, but should tell us something new. <\/em><\/p>\n

Keywords:<\/strong> visual, sound, dialogue, sound effects, music, frame, conversation, monologue, silent film, subtitle<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

*****<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u1edbp ngo\u00e0i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfng.<\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0o trong \u0111\u00f3 h\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng c\u1ea3. C\u00f3 ch\u0103ng l\u00e0 trong m\u00faa r\u1ed1i, c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadt th\u1eadt, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfng (\u00e2m thanh) trong \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh c\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i\u00a0:<\/p>\n

– L\u1eddi n\u00f3i<\/p>\n

– Ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/p>\n

– \u00c2m nh\u1ea1c<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta quan t\u00e2m tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean: l\u1eddi n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. L\u1edcI N\u00d3I<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    1.1. N\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi n\u00f3i<\/p>\n

    \u0110i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec\u00a0?<\/p>\n

    Khi m\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh\u00a0r\u1ed3i? B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m th\u1ea7m k\u00edn nh\u1ea5t, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u00e2m c\u0169ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb.<\/p>\n

    B\u1ed9 m\u1eb7t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n tinh t\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t. Ta h\u00e3y nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a Andrei Rubliov trong c\u1ea3nh nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt Kiril x\u00e1m h\u1ed1i. Ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t cung b\u1eadc g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y trong c\u1eadn c\u1ea3nh khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u1eef nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt Aster (Ingrid\u00a0 Tulin) trong b\u1ed9 phim Im l\u1eb7ng<\/em> c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o di\u1ec5n\u00a0 I. Bergman, khi c\u00f4 ta b\u01b0\u1edbc ra kh\u1ecfi ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecb c\u00f4 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecnh. Nh\u1eefng s\u1eafc th\u00e1i t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m thay \u0111\u1ed5i tinh t\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 to\u00e1t l\u00ean qua h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb n\u00e0o di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

    Ngay t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Nga n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng Leonid Andreev \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean B\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh<\/em>: “Khi truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ea3m x\u00fac con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u00e0n \u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i l\u00e0m m\u00f4i gi\u1edbi. “Y\u00eau” ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb th\u00f4i. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u. M\u00e0n \u1ea3nh mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3) to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n (nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt) \u1edf d\u1ea1ng thu\u1ea7n khi\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t”.<\/p>\n

    Ng\u00e0y nay, khi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh cao, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1o di\u1ec5n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1eabn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u00e2m nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u1ea5t. Ch\u00ednh v\u00e0o l\u00fac \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh c\u00f3 \u00e2m thanh th\u00ec h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u00e2m l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf n\u00ean “c\u00e2m h\u01a1n” so v\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh c\u00e2m. \u0110\u1ea1o di\u1ec5n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p Rober Bresson \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd: “Ph\u00e1t minh ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng”. Trong phim Persona<\/em> c\u1ee7a I. Bergman c\u00f3 hai n\u1eef nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt th\u00ec m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt im l\u1eb7ng su\u1ed1t. .<\/sup>T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong phim Piano<\/em> l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00e2m l\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a n\u1eef nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt. M\u1ed1i t\u00ecnh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00f4i nam n\u1eef thanh ni\u00ean trong phim Ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng<\/em> c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o di\u1ec5n H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c Kim Ki Duk \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi n\u00f3i n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

    V\u1eady l\u00e0 trong \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh s\u1ef1 giao ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n l\u1eddi n\u00f3i. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh trong nh\u1eefng phim \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i m\u00e0 xem ra v\u1eabn r\u1ea5t \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t bi\u1ec3u c\u1ea3m.<\/p>\n

    V\u1eady \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec\u00a0? T\u1ea1i sao \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1eddi n\u00f3i\u00a0?<\/p>\n

    Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p ghi l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n \u00e2m thanh?<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nay \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft h\u00e1t, bi\u1ebft n\u00f3i, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u00e2m thanh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed5 x\u00f4 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c r\u1ea1p chi\u1ebfu b\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n

    Hay l\u00e0\u00a0 t\u00ednh \u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh\u00a0l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n? T\u00ednh \u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh l\u00e0 \u1edf t\u00ednh \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u2013 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u00fang l\u00e0 trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn n\u00f3i n\u0103ng, v\u1eabn nghe th\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n. Trong con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 trong s\u1ef1 giao ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129, l\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n

    Trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7. Trong giao ti\u1ebfp, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi nhau kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9\u00a0 nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi nhau nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec1u khi r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. M\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129 bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 ra qua l\u1eddi n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

    Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i th\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u00e2u: “N\u00f3 ngh\u0129 b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Anh”. Fazil Iscander m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u0103n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Abkhazia trong m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn: “T\u1eeb b\u00e9 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Nga”.<\/p>\n

    R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 qua l\u1eddi n\u00f3i l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 h\u01a1n c\u1ea3. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p t\u1eeb “logos” v\u1eeba c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 “ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb” v\u1eeba c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 “kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m”.<\/p>\n

    \u0110i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh c\u00e2m c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp s\u1ef1 khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

    Nh\u01b0 ta bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh c\u00e2m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i l\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft ra<\/u>. Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u00f3 ba d\u1ea1ng\u00a0:<\/p>\n

    – ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 (“M\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng sau”. “T\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9 huy c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n b\u1ea1ch v\u1ec7”)<\/p>\n

    – ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn (“Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ea5y! Ivan!” – phim Ivan<\/em>\u00a0c\u1ee7a A. Dovzhenko ho\u1eb7c d\u00f2ng ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec1 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng trong phim Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 Paris<\/em> c\u1ee7a Ch. Chaplin: “Th\u1eddi gian s\u1ebd c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i, c\u00f2n kinh nghi\u1ec7m d\u1ea1y cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac”)<\/p>\n

    – ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i (“Anh y\u00eau em. \u2013 Th\u1eadt ch\u1ee9?”)<\/p>\n

    Nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong phim:<\/p>\n

    – n\u00f3 l\u00e0m ng\u1eaft t\u00ednh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng;<\/p>\n

    – n\u00f3 xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u1edbi y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c: ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c (v\u0103n h\u1ecdc) l\u1ea1i xen v\u00e0o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh;<\/p>\n

    – nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec1 ng\u1eafn v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1eadt nhanh \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 th\u00f4 s\u01a1, \u0111\u01a1n \u0111i\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

    Vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh c\u00e2m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc cho\u00a0 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh h\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t t\u00e0i ngh\u1ec7 th\u00ec l\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1c ghi th\u00e0nh ch\u1eef xem ra nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t c\u1ed5 l\u1ed7. Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 20 (c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc), l\u00fac \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh c\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh cao, nh\u00e0 v\u0103n Ilia Erenburg trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch V\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a vi\u1ec5n t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/em> \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec1 trong \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec c\u00e1i xe ng\u1ef1a \u0111i b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh xe \u00f4 t\u00f4 gi\u1eefa Th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4.<\/p>\n

    Nh\u1eefng \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh mang t\u00ednh \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng \u00fd tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (l\u00fd lu\u1eadn “\u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7” c\u1ee7a S. Eizenshtein) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 hay, nh\u01b0ng \u00edt hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

    B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec1 trong \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh v\u1eabn c\u00f2n, \u0111\u00f4i khi trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 phim n\u00f3 c\u00f2n chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng trong \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3.<\/p>\n

    Song c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00e0 \u00e2m thanh n\u00f3i chung h\u00f2a quy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nhau trong phim kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ef9 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft (v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd n\u00f3i k\u1ef9 h\u01a1n \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi).<\/p>\n

    C\u00f2n b\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 sung c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi “\u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh l\u00e0 g\u00ec?”.<\/p>\n

    \u0110i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00e2m thanh.<\/u><\/p>\n

    Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u00e2m thanh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 trong \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh. H\u00e3y nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 so\u1ea1n nh\u1ea1c A. Skriabin t\u1ea1o ra “\u00e2m nh\u1ea1c m\u00e0u”. Ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng tia la-ze chi\u1ebfu l\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c l\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0. Nh\u01b0ng theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 tr\u00f2 k\u1ef9 x\u1ea3o, thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh v\u1ec1 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt. Trong \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n

    1.2. C\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i l\u1eddi n\u00f3i trong \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n

    C\u00f3 ba h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c l\u1eddi n\u00f3i trong \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • L\u1eddi n\u00f3i trong khu\u00f4n h\u00ecnh \u2013 n\u00f3 vang l\u00ean trong kh\u00f4ng gian c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3nh quay, ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e1t ra l\u1eddi n\u00f3i n\u1eb1m ngay trong khu\u00f4n h\u00ecnh;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      2) L\u1eddi n\u00f3i ngo\u00e0i khu\u00f4n h\u00ecnh – n\u00f3 vang l\u00ean trong kh\u00f4ng gian c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3nh quay, nh\u01b0ng ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e1t ra l\u1eddi n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong khu\u00f4n h\u00ecnh;<\/p>\n

      3) L\u1eddi n\u00f3i sau khu\u00f4n h\u00ecnh \u2013 ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e1t ra l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong khu\u00f4n h\u00ecnh, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng vang l\u00ean trong c\u1ea3nh quay, ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem nghe th\u1ea5y m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

      C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i l\u1eddi n\u00f3i trong \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh\u00a0:<\/p>\n

      1) \u0110\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i \u2013 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o gi\u1eefa hai ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt trong k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c trong phim.<\/p>\n

      2) \u0110\u1ed9c tho\u1ea1i –\u00a0 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt trong phim ho\u1eb7c suy ngh\u0129\u00a0 th\u00e0nh ti\u1ebfng.<\/p>\n

      \u0110\u1ed9c tho\u1ea1i l\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c, v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem.<\/p>\n

      Ta ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t hai lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c tho\u1ea1i\u00a0:<\/p>\n

      – \u0110\u1ed9c tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o (gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a b\u00e1c s\u1ef9 t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc trong phim T\u00e2m th\u1ea7n<\/em> c\u1ee7a A. Hitchoock);<\/p>\n

      – \u0110\u1ed9c tho\u1ea1i suy t\u01b0\u1edfng (\u0111\u1ed9c tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ivan \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebf b\u00ean quan t\u00e0i n\u1eef ho\u00e0ng Anastasia; \u0111\u1ed9c tho\u1ea1i suy t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Hamlet T\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i hay kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/em>);<\/p>\n

      \u0110\u1ed9c tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n sang suy t\u01b0\u1edfng: trong phim Stalker<\/em> c\u1ee7a Tarkovski \u0111\u1ed9c tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb l\u1eddi k\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i sao c\u00f4 l\u1ea1i y\u00eau m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 “n\u1ebfu cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hy v\u1ecdng”.<\/p>\n

      \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i l\u1eddi n\u00f3i sau khu\u00f4n h\u00ecnh.<\/em><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. L\u1eddi t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 – l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng tham gia v\u00e0o h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng phim, m\u00e0 k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec di\u1ec5n ra. (phim H\u00e3y c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn xe \u00f4 t\u00f4<\/em> c\u1ee7a\u00a0 E. Riazanov)<\/li>\n
      2. L\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t hay v\u00e0i nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt tham gia v\u00e0o h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng phim (phim Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb k\u1ebft \u00e1n t\u1eed h\u00ecnh b\u1ecf tr\u1ed1n<\/em> c\u1ee7a Rober Bresson, phim T\u00e2m th\u1ea7n<\/em>c\u1ee7a A. Hitchcook). Trong phim Cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p m\u1eb7t ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i<\/em> (1945 k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n Noel Kowrd, \u0111\u1ea1o di\u1ec5n David Lin) \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ea5t hay v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u1eddi n\u00f3i sau khu\u00f4n h\u00ecnh: hai v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng ng\u1ed3i b\u00ean l\u00f2 s\u01b0\u1edfi. Ch\u1ed3ng ch\u01a1i tr\u00f2 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1 ch\u1eef, v\u1ee3 k\u1ec3 cho ch\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng kh\u00e1c. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 ng\u1ed3i im l\u1eb7ng, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem ch\u00fang ta nghe th\u1ea5y l\u1eddi k\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 ta.<\/li>\n
      3. \u0110\u1ed9c tho\u1ea1i n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m (ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i) c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u2013 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129, suy t\u01b0\u1edfng trong \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t ra th\u00e0nh ti\u1ebfng (phim Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0<\/em> c\u1ee7a Claude Lelouche; phim \u0110\u1ec1 t\u00e0i<\/em> c\u1ee7a G. Panfilov).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Lo\u1ea1i l\u1eddi n\u00f3i n\u00e0y l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c S. Eizenshtein t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 30 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o “\u0111\u1ed9c tho\u1ea1i n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m” kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n

        L\u1eddi n\u00f3i trong “\u0111\u1ed9c tho\u1ea1i n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m” r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi “l\u1eddi k\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt”. L\u1eddi k\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 qua v\u1edbi m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh v\u1ec1 c\u00fa ph\u00e1p th\u1eddi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed9c tho\u1ea1i n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra, b\u1ed9c ph\u00e1t t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi “c\u00f3 khi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh, c\u00f3 khi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c kh\u00f4ng g\u1eafn v\u1edbi nhau” (S. Eizenshtein).<\/p>\n

        \u0110o\u1ea1n m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 phim Piano<\/em> c\u00f3 l\u1eddi n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o cho th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i l\u1eddi sau khu\u00f4n h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y. L\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9c tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ada b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u: “Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111ang nghe th\u1ea5y, \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n t\u00f4i<\/em>\u2026\u00a0“. V\u00e0 vang l\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a n\u1eef di\u1ec5n vi\u00ean Holly Hunter \u0111\u00f3ng vai n\u1eef nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u00e2m, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i tr\u1ebb con, v\u00ec Ada b\u1ecb c\u00e2m khi c\u00f4 6 tu\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. L\u1eddi thuy\u1ebft minh – kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi l\u1eddi t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u00ednh th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh; n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra trong phim v\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng tham gia v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 (phim Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng<\/em> c\u1ee7a Iu. Ozerov, phim M\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3y kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n<\/em> c\u1ee7a T. Lioznova).<\/li>\n
        2. L\u1eddi th\u01a1 v\u00e0 l\u1eddi b\u00e0i h\u00e1t – vang l\u00ean sau khu\u00f4n h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng phim (phim Chi\u1ebfc g\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/em> c\u1ee7a Andrei Tarkovski, th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Arseni Tarkovski, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecdc; Phim S\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn ch\u1edb tr\u00eau<\/em> c\u1ee7a E. Riazanov –\u00a0 th\u01a1 v\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u00e1t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng; phim B\u00e0i ca v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7p s\u1ef9 Aivanho d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m<\/em> c\u1ee7a S. Tarasov \u2013 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Vladimir V\u01b0sotski).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean m\u00e0n \u1ea3nh c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i l\u1eddi sau khu\u00f4n h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb lo\u1ea1i n\u1ecd chuy\u1ec3n sang lo\u1ea1i kia. Trong phim Anh b\u1ea1n Ivan Lapshin c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i<\/em> c\u1ee7a A. Gherman t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 d\u1eabn chuy\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng anh c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt th\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u; trong phim C\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9 Boitsov<\/em> c\u1ee7a David Fincher l\u1eddi sau khu\u00f4n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u00f3 khi l\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c tho\u1ea1i n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m, c\u00f3 khi l\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a anh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

          1.3. V\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi n\u00f3i trong \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh<\/p>\n

          C\u00f3 g\u00ec gi\u1ed1ng nhau gi\u1eefa l\u1eddi n\u00f3i trong \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i trong s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u\u00a0?<\/p>\n

          Trong c\u1ea3 hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe th\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i th\u1ef1c: l\u1eddi n\u00f3i t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o ta ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb, m\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec7u, \u00e2m l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 vang c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

          C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n l\u1eddi n\u00f3i ch\u1ec9 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t 20% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00f4ng tin, c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i 80%\u00a0 th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta thu nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1edd gi\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec7u. Trong c\u00e1c phim c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i g\u00e2y \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb trau chu\u1ed1t v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i l\u1eafm ngh\u0129a (c\u00f3 khi ch\u00fang kh\u00e1 th\u00f4 thi\u1ec3n) m\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng \u00e2m l\u1ef1c m\u00e0 di\u1ec5n vi\u00ean ph\u00e1t ra. Ch\u00ednh nh\u1edd \u00e2m l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed trong nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh l\u1eafm l\u1eddi r\u1ed7ng tuy\u1ebfch, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u1eabn \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem m\u1ed9t drive<\/em> h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn.<\/p>\n

          C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 bi\u00ean k\u1ecbch chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng\u00a0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u tho\u1ea1i m\u00e0 h\u1ecd vi\u1ebft ra ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 cho di\u1ec5n vi\u00ean n\u00f3i. Trong khi vi\u1ebft k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n n\u1ebfu t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc to nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u tho\u1ea1i m\u00e0 anh ta vi\u1ebft, th\u00ec c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i nghe n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i tai t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, d\u01b0\u1edbi ng\u00f2i b\u00fat c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 bi\u00ean k\u1ecbch s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7n ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u tho\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u00e2u tho\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t. B\u00e0 m\u1eb9 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi con g\u00e1i: “Ksusa, sao h\u00f4m nay con kh\u00f4ng \u0103n g\u00ec c\u1ea3?”. C\u00e2u tho\u1ea1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, tr\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng quay di\u1ec5n vi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e2u tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c vai m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n

          C\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t k\u1ecbch t\u00e1c gia l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Nga, A. Ostrovski, \u0111\u00f4i khi kh\u00f4ng xem v\u1edf di\u1ec5n k\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng sau c\u00e1nh g\u00e0 nghe, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i do m\u00ecnh vi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

          \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ebft k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n, m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t b\u1ed5 \u00edch l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t c\u1eed t\u1ecda nh\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c nghe ai \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

          L\u1eddi n\u00f3i trong \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c l\u1eddi n\u00f3i trong s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o\u00a0?<\/p>\n

          Ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n \u01b0?<\/p>\n

          Gi\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c h\u01a1n \u01b0?<\/p>\n

          Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 giao ti\u1ebfp tr\u1ef1c di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem \u01b0?<\/p>\n

          T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, n\u00f3 n\u1ea3y sinh ra t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c nhau c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. M\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t trong 4 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc (ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea1i d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb to t\u00e1t).<\/p>\n

          Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc i<\/u>\u00a0 –\u00a0 “nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft”<\/em><\/p>\n

          V\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i\u00a0 trong \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n khi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

          Trong m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh quay nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft m\u1edbi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i. Trong phim c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng bi\u00ean k\u1ecbch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o di\u1ec5n t\u00e0i gi\u1ecfi\u00a0 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u1ea3nh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

          M\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c bi\u00ean k\u1ecbch \u00edt kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 k\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n thanh: c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi nhau nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u tho\u1ea1i, m\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng cho bi\u1ebft trong l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y g\u00ec tr\u00ean m\u00e0n \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 phim t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n

          Nh\u00ecn chung \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n vi\u1ebft k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u v\u00ec trong khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1o di\u1ec5n c\u00f3 trong tay c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t kho ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u00ean k\u1ecbch ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e2u v\u0103n. V\u00ec v\u1eady trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t phim th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat ng\u1eafn \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u00ean k\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n

          Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ii<\/u>\u00a0 –\u00a0 “nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc b\u1ed5 sung<\/em>”<\/p>\n

          L\u1eddi n\u00f3i trong phim kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u00e1i ta th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean m\u00e0n \u1ea3nh, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ed5 sung cho n\u00f3, th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi: m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng tin, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, t\u1ea1o cho n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn m\u1edbi. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 khi l\u1eddi tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u1edf h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c l\u1eddi n\u00f3i sau khu\u00f4n h\u00ecnh.<\/u><\/p>\n

          Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc iii<\/u>\u00a0 –\u00a0 “nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p<\/em>”<\/p>\n

          C\u00e2u tho\u1ea1i\u00a0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/u> l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n cho n\u00f3, ch\u1ec9 khi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e2u tho\u1ea1i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng mang t\u00ednh s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u ho\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u0103n xu\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

          Ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u00ean k\u1ecbch b\u1eb1ng con m\u1eaft n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m ph\u1ea3i h\u00ecnh dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i c\u1ea3nh m\u00e0 c\u00e2u tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i ra, ch\u1ec9 khi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e2u tho\u1ea1i m\u1edbi mang ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n

          Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 c\u00e2u tho\u1ea1i?<\/p>\n

          C\u00e2u tho\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i do m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u00f3i ra.<\/p>\n

          C\u00e2u tho\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1eaft r\u1eddi: n\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i l\u1ea5p l\u1eedng –\u00a0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh s\u1ebd n\u00f3i tr\u1ecdn c\u00e2u tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. M\u1ed9t v\u1edf di\u1ec5n s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m th\u1ee5 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n qua s\u00f3ng ph\u00e1t thanh (s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u truy\u1ec1n thanh), nh\u01b0ng ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u1ec1 b\u1ed9 phim \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n

          T\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u tho\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1edbn cho “tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i c\u00e2u tho\u1ea1i”: Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 “h\u1ecfi – tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, h\u1ecfi – tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi”\u00a0m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 “h\u1ecfi – kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi”, “h\u1ecfi – tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c”, “h\u1ecfi – nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecfi c\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c n\u00f3i, b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u1ea3 anh ta v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i \u0111ang b\u1eadn c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3”, v.v\u2026<\/p>\n

          M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u tho\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n trong phim, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c v\u00e0i nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u00f3i trong nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n trong phim Chuy\u1ebfn t\u00e0u h\u00e3o huy\u1ec1n<\/em> c\u1ee7a Jime Jurmoush c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau khi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c nhau th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 h\u1ecd n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u gi\u1ed1ng nhau: “\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 TV”.<\/p>\n

          Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc iv<\/u>\u00a0 – \u00a0“nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c l\u1eabn nhau<\/em>”<\/p>\n

          N\u1ed9i dung phim c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, l\u00fd tr\u00ed<\/u>, th\u00ec c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a phim c\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i tranh lu\u1eadn, trao \u0111\u1ed5i \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 phim c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i d\u00e0i d\u00f2ng.<\/u><\/p>\n

          L\u1eddi tho\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0 l\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 phim. Tuy nhi\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u khi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i l\u1edbn\u00a0 l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 to\u00e1t l\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a n\u1ed9i dung phim. Trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 phim nh\u01b0 9 ng\u00e0y trong m\u1ed9t n\u0103m<\/em> c\u1ee7a M. R\u00f4m, 12 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng n\u1ed5i gi\u1eadn<\/em> c\u1ee7a S. Loumett, T\u00f2a \u00e1n Newrenberg<\/em> c\u1ee7a S. Cramer, v.v\u2026 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 phim m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan, tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 tranh c\u00e3i b\u00ean trong nh\u1eefng phi\u00ean x\u1eed c\u1ee7a t\u00f2a \u00e1n, th\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eddi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n

          Trong \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh c\u00f2n c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 60 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m sau n\u00e0y. Trong nh\u1eefng phim nh\u01b0 T\u00f4i hai m\u01b0\u01a1i tu\u1ed5i<\/em> v\u00e0 M\u01b0a th\u00e1ng B\u1ea3y<\/em> c\u1ee7a M. Khutsiev, \u0110\u00f4i c\u00e1nh<\/em> c\u1ee7a L. Shepitko, Anh b\u1ea1n Ivan Lapshin c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i<\/em> A. Gherman, v.v\u2026 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u00f3i li\u00ean h\u1ed3i k\u1ef3 t\u1ee5c\u2026<\/p>\n

          C\u00e1i ki\u1ec3u nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eddi tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, n\u00f3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00eam “t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1eadt” c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n trong phim – b\u1edfi v\u00ec trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i “v\u00e0o c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n”, m\u00e0 c\u00f3 khi n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1i th\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o di\u1ec5n A. Tarkovski \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i: “Th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nhi\u1ec1u tho\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0ng theo t\u00f4i, n\u1ebfu ta c\u1eaft h\u1ebft l\u1eddi tho\u1ea1i s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u tr\u1edf n\u00ean gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o, m\u1ea5t \u0111i ch\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean\u2026 Nhi\u1ec1u khi tr\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng quay t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed9c tho\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 cho di\u1ec5n vi\u00ean n\u00f3i c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3”.<\/p>\n

          Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u1ee9 hai c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, t\u1ee9c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1i n\u1ec1n cho h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh, khi l\u1eddi tho\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ngh\u1ec9 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. L\u1eddi tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

          V\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u1eefa: \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1eafm l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00f4i khi che gi\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng. Trong b\u1ed9 phim M\u01b0a th\u00e1ng B\u1ea3y<\/em> hai nam n\u1eef nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt b\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y kh\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c vui ch\u01a1i, \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c thi v\u1edbi nhau v\u1ec1 lanh tr\u00ed v\u00e0 uy\u00ean b\u00e1c. Trong b\u1ed9 phim Stalker<\/em> nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt nh\u00e0 v\u0103n n\u00f3i su\u1ed1t, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eb1ng sau s\u1ef1 l\u1eafm l\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng \u1edf b\u00ean trong.<\/p>\n

          Trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u tho\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 b\u1ecb ch\u00ecm trong m\u1edb ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n trong c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 phim Ho\u00e0i ni\u1ec7m<\/em> c\u1ee7a A. Tarkovski c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u tho\u1ea1i \u00fd ngh\u0129a, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e2u nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt Goncharov n\u00f3i v\u1edbi c\u00f4 phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd: “T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a c\u00f4!\u2026 T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa\u2026 \u0110\u1ee7 r\u1ed3i!”. C\u00f2n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh sau \u0111\u00f3, trong nh\u00e0 th\u1edd, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00f4ng nom nh\u00e0 th\u1edd ch\u1ec9 cho c\u00f4 phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111ang c\u00fai \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Madonna v\u00e0 n\u00f3i: “H\u00e3y xem \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd\u2026”.<\/p>\n

          T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i kh\u00e9o t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c c\u00e1c c\u00e2u n\u00f3i ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3nh quay, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb g\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e9p, kh\u00f4ng l\u1ed9 li\u1ec5u. “Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung h\u1ebft v\u00e0o t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3nh quay. Trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 n\u00f3i su\u00f4ng”.<\/p>\n

          (C\u00f2n n\u1eefa)<\/em><\/p>\n

          V\u0169 Quang Ch\u00ednh <\/strong>(d\u1ecbch)<\/p>\n

          _________________________<\/p>\n

          * <\/sup>L.N. Nekhoroshev, nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga.<\/p>\n

           <\/p>\n

          T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u S\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u v\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

          (s\u1ed1 9, th\u00e1ng 3\/2016)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

          \u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          H\u00ccNH C\u00d3 TI\u1ebeNG L.N. NEKHOROSHEV*   T\u00f3m t\u1eaft: H\u00ecnh c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh. Ti\u1ebfng (\u00e2m thanh) trong \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh c\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i: l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c. V\u1edbi l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, c\u00f3 ba h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c l\u1eddi n\u00f3i trong \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh: l\u1eddi n\u00f3i trong khu\u00f4n h\u00ecnh, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i ngo\u00e0i khu\u00f4n h\u00ecnh […]\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[52,1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/us95.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5557"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/us95.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/us95.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/us95.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/us95.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5557"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/us95.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5557\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/us95.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5557"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/us95.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5557"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/us95.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5557"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}